English

A Characterization of Triangle-Free Cyclic Graphs With Self-Loops Of Rank 3

Combinatorics 2025-09-25 v1

Abstract

Let GSG_S be a self-loop graph as the graph obtained by attaching a self-loop at every vertex in SV(G)S \subseteq V(G) of a simple graph G.G. If G=CnG=C_n is the cycle graphs of order nn and S,S \neq \emptyset, we show that there are no rank 3 self-loop graphs (Cn)S(C_n)_S for n5.n\geq 5. As a consequence, we determine and construct all possible rank 3 triangle-free self-loop cyclic graph of order at least 4 from (C4)S(C_4)_S via graph join operations. This provides a partial solution to the characterization problem of rank 3 self-loop graphs.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2509.20158,
  title  = {A Characterization of Triangle-Free Cyclic Graphs With Self-Loops Of Rank 3},
  author = {Johnny Lim},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.20158},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

11 pages, 34 figures. Comments are welcome