A characterization of positroids, with applications to amalgams and excluded minors

A matroid of rank $r$ on $n$ elements is a positroid if it has a representation by an $r$ by $n$ matrix over $\mathbb{R}$, each $r$ by $r$ submatrix of which has nonnegative determinant. Earlier characterizations of connected positroids and results about direct sums of positroids involve connected flats and non-crossing partitions. We prove another characterization of positroids of a similar flavor and give some applications of the characterization. We show that if $M$ and $N$ are positroids and $E(M)\cap E(N)$ is an independent set and a set of clones in both $M$ and $N$, then the free amalgam of $M$ and $N$ is a positroid, and we prove a second result of that type. Also, we identify several multi-parameter infinite families of excluded minors for the class of positroids.