A Catalog of Automatically Identified Multi-Signature ICMEs Observed by Solar Orbiter
Abstract
In this study, we present a catalog of 138 interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) identified using multiple distance-normalized ICME criteria within sliding time windows applied to \textit{Solar Orbiter} in-situ measurements. We observe sub-adiabatic proton cooling, a near-spherical radial density decrease, a steep decline in dynamic pressure indicative of enhanced expansion in the inner heliosphere, and a magnetic-field profile shallower than Parker-spiral expectations. Approximately of the ICMEs are associated with a preceding shock and sheath, while are not. Compared with non-sheath ICMEs, sheath-associated events are longer, more magnetized, faster, times hotter, denser, and times more over-pressured, while expanding faster and maintaining low plasma . Expansion speed also scales strongly with ICME size and bulk speed, suggesting that sheath dynamics regulate ejecta expansion. For the 32 ICMEs with Heavy Ion Sensor (HIS) observations, exhibit , whereas Fe-based composition signatures (, , and ) identify -- of events, consistent with lower charge-state enhancements during solar minimum. Superposed epoch analysis reveals enhanced heavy-ion signatures within magnetic-cloud intervals, linking in-situ composition to coronal heating. This catalog provides a robust benchmark for multi-mission studies, machine-learning applications, CME evolution models, and space-weather investigations.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2607.04402,
title = {A Catalog of Automatically Identified Multi-Signature ICMEs Observed by Solar Orbiter},
author = {Felix N. Minta and Stefano A. Livi and George C. Ho and Susan T. Lepri and Heather A. Elliott},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.04402},
year = {2026}
}