English

2-Selmer companion modular forms

Number Theory 2025-08-18 v1

Abstract

Let NN be a positive integer and KK be a number field. Suppose that f1,f2Sk(Γ0(N))f_1,f_2 \in S_k(\Gamma_0(N)) are two newforms such that their residual Galois representations at 22 are isomorphic. Let ω2:GQZ2\omega_2: G_{\mathbb Q} \rightarrow {\mathbb Z}^*_2 be the 22-adic cyclotomic character. Then, under suitable hypotheses, we have shown that for every quadratic character χ\chi of KK and each critical twist jj, the residual Greenberg 22-Selmer groups of f1χω2jf_1\chi\omega_2^{-j} and f2χω2jf_2\chi\omega_2^{-j} over KK are isomorphic. This generalizes the corresponding result of Mazur-Rubin on 22-Selmer companion elliptic curves. Conversely, if the difference of the residual Greenberg (respectively Bloch-Kato) 22-Selmer ranks of f1χf_1\chi and f2χf_2\chi is bounded independent of every quadratic character χ\chi of KK, then under suitable hypotheses we have shown that the residual Galois representations at 22 of f1f_1 and f2f_2 are isomorphic as GKG_K-modules. The corresponding result for elliptic curves was a conjecture of Mazur-Rubin, which was proved by M. Yu.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2506.23805,
  title  = {2-Selmer companion modular forms},
  author = {Abhishek and Somnath Jha and Sudhanshu Shekhar},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.23805},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T03:39:27.480Z