Improved sample complexity bound for sample-based Lindbladian simulation
Abstract
We establish improved sample-complexity bounds for sample-based Lindbladian simulation based on the Wave Matrix Lindbladization (WML) algorithm. For a jump operator with dimension , we derive an explicit non-asymptotic sample complexity bound , holding for simulation time and error . This refines the dimension dependence of the best previously known bound, , from [Go et al., Quantum Sci. Tech. 10, 045058 (2025)]. Remarkably, we show that this dimensional overhead can be entirely avoided when , a condition satisfied with high probability for random Lindblad operators, yielding a typical-case sample complexity of . On the other hand, in the worst case, we show that WML necessarily requires samples by constructing an explicit example with a rank-one Lindblad operator. Our results reveal a sharp dichotomy between typical and adversarial sample complexities in Lindbladian simulation, thereby strengthening the theoretical foundations of sample-based quantum algorithms.
Comments: 31 pages
Cite
@article{arxiv.2605.30301,
title = {Improved sample complexity bound for sample-based Lindbladian simulation},
author = {Siheon Park and Youngjin Seo and Byeongseon Go and Dhrumil Patel and Mark M. Wilde and Hyukjoon Kwon},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.30301},
year = {2026}
}