Homeq-bio.PEarXiv:2605.29958

Lattice Brownian bees with cooperative reproduction: steady states, collapse, and spreading

q-bio.PEcond-mat.stat-mechmath.PRnlin.PS2026-05v1license

Abstract

We extend the ``Brownian bees'' model of Berestycki et al. (2021, 2022) to cooperative reproduction, kA(k+1)AkA\to(k{+}1)A, of a population of NN symmetric random walkers with removal, at each birth event, of the particle farthest from the origin. Working in the limit NN\to\infty, we formulate a hydrodynamic free-boundary problem for this model. Using this formalism, we determine steady state population densities for all~kk and prove their linear stability for k2k\le 2 and instability for k4k\ge 4. In the marginal case k=3k=3, there is a whole continuous family of steady states at a single, critical ratio of the reproduction and diffusion rates. Above criticality the population undergoes an asymptotically self-similar finite-time collapse to the origin. Below the criticality the population spreads diffusively, but the reproduction remains quantitatively relevant. For k4k\ge 4, the unstable steady state separates regimes of a finite-time collapse and a diffusive spreading. Here the collapse dynamics is asymptotically self-similar, and the population density exhibits a scale separation requiring a matched-asymptotic description. Our analytical predictions are confirmed by numerical solutions of the hydrodynamic free-boundary problem and by Monte Carlo simulations of the original microscopic model.

Comments: 23 one-column pages, 6 figures

Cite

@article{arxiv.2605.29958,
  title  = {Lattice Brownian bees with cooperative reproduction: steady states, collapse, and spreading},
  author = {Ohad Vilk and Baruch Meerson},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.29958},
  year   = {2026}
}