Microfluidic channels have emerged as useful tools to control dynamic forcing on transported microscale objects, as encountered in emulsions, biological flows, and other soft matter systems. Tailored channel designs enable precise interfacial and bulk rheological measurements of complex materials over a wide range of forcing timescales. After a brief overview of recent experiments illustrating these techniques, we discuss perspectives for future research in this direction, including the study of lubrication films in highly confined droplets, the measurement of fast relaxation dynamics of complex interfaces, and the high-throughput rheological characterization of microscopic soft matter systems ranging from single macromolecules to cells.